Noise Pollution Essay
What is Noise/Sound Pollution?
Even though humans can't see or smell noise/sound pollution, it
still affects the environment. sound pollution happens when the sound coming
from planes, industry or other sources reaches harmful levels.
Research has shown that there are direct links between noise and health, including stress-related illnesses, high vital sign, speech interference, deafness . for instance, a study by the WHO Noise Environmental Burden on Disease working the party found that sound pollution may contribute to many thousands of deaths per annum by increasing the rates of a coronary heart condition. Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA can regulate machine and plane noise.
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Research has shown that there are direct links between noise and health, including stress-related illnesses, high vital sign, speech interference, deafness . for instance, a study by the WHO Noise Environmental Burden on Disease working the party found that sound pollution may contribute to many thousands of deaths per annum by increasing the rates of a coronary heart condition. Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA can regulate machine and plane noise.
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| Noise-Pollution |
Underwater sound pollution coming from ships has been shown
to upset whales' navigation systems and kill other species that depend upon the
natural underwater world. Noise also makes wild species communicate louder,
which may shorten their lifespan.
Noise might not seem as harmful because of the contamination of
air or water, but it's a pollution problem that affects human health and may
contribute to a general deterioration of environmental quality. Noise is an undesirable and unwanted sound. All sound isn't noise. it's going to be
considered as music to at least one person and should be noise to a different.
Noise is defined as ‘unwanted or offensive sound that
unreasonably intrudes into our daily activities’. Sound is measured during a
unit called the decibel (dB). The permitted background level is 125 decibels as
per the Environment Protection Rules 1999.
Sources of Noise/Sound Pollution
There are numerous sources but could also be broadly
classified into two classes like indoor and outdoor:
►Indoor
Loudly
played radio or music systems, and other electronic gadgets, etc.
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| Indoor-Noise-Pollution |
►Outdoor
Industries/factories, vehicular movements like the car, motor,
truck, train, tempo, motorcycle, aircraft, trains. Construction work defense
equipment’s explosions, playing of loudspeakers during various festivals, etc.
the upper the speed of an air craft’s the greater the sound pollution.
The invention of supersonic aircraft has added more noise
for the persons who live near aerodromes. Another source of sound pollution
connected with airplanes has been scaring away from birds. Satellites are
projected into space with the assistance of explosive rockets also contribute
to sound pollution.
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| Outdoor-Noise-Pollution |
Effects of Noise/Sound Pollution
• Emotional or psychological effects irritability, anxiety, and stress. Lack
of concentration and mental fatigue are significant health effects of noise.
• Physical damage to the ear and therefore the temporary
deafness often called a short-lived threshold shift (TTS). People affected by
this condition are going to be unable to detect weak sounds. However, hearing
ability is typically recovered within a month of exposure. Permanent loss,
usually called Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shift (NIPTS) represents a
loss of hearing ability from which there's no recovery.
Below a sound level of 80 dB. deafness doesn't occur in the
least. However temporary effects are noticed at sound levels between 80 and
130 dB. About 50 percent of the people exposed to 95 dB sound levels at work
will develop NIPTS and most of the people exposed to quite 105 dB will
experience permanent deafness. A sound level of 150 dB or more can physically
rupture the human eardrum and >180dB can kill an individual.
• The effects can home in severity from being extremely
annoying to being extremely painful and unsafe lowers workers efficiency and
productivity and better accident rates on the work.
• It's been observed that the performance of faculty children
is poor in comprehension tasks when schools are situated in busy areas of a
city and suffer from sound pollution disturbance.
• Interferes with normal communication, it's going to mask
auditory warning signals and hence increases the speed of accidents especially
in industries.
• In additions to hearing losses, excessive sound levels can
cause harmful effect on the cardiovascular system by raising vital sign and
altering pulse rates.
How to Control Noise/Sound Pollution?
There are different ways to control Noise Pollution some are the following:
○Increase the path length
○Block the path of noise
○Reduce noise at the source
○Protect the recipient.
►Increase the path length
Increasing distance
from the noise source and the recipient offers a passive means of control :
Municipal land-use ordinances concerning the situation of
airports make use of the attenuating effect of distance on sound levels.
Noise-Pollution
►Block the path of noise
Through construction of
temporary/permanent barriers:
• Planting of trees around houses also can act as effective
noise barriers.
• Highly absorptive
interior finish material for walls, ceilings, and floors can decrease indoor
noise levels significantly.
►Reduce noise at the source
• In industries, differing types of absorptive material are
often wont to control interior noise. Noise reduction is often done by using
rigid sealed enclosures around machinery lined with acoustic absorbing
material. Isolating machines and their enclosures from the ground using special
spring mounts or absorbent mounts and pads and using flexible couplings for
interior pipelines also contribute to reducing sound pollution at the source.
• Regular and thorough maintenance of operating machinery. we
should always reduce mechanical run out of shafts. By reducing this source of
vibration excitation many components like bearing gears and cans may generate
less noise and have generated life. We must improve the lubrication. we should
always install bearings correctly. Improper installation sometimes is that the
reason for bearing noise problems.
• Using
efficient flow techniques: for reducing noise related to high fluid velocities
and turbulence.
confirm that each one opening is acoustically sealed.
Noise, lake water rushes out through any cracks or openings. Muffling vehicles
and machinery to scale back the noise.
• Reducing fluid jet velocities: As jet noise is proportional
to the eight power of jet velocity.
• Traffic volume and speed even have significant effects on
the general sound. Example: doubling the speed increases the sound levels by
about 9 dB and doubling the traffic volume (number of vehicles per hour)
increases sound levels by about 3 dB. A smooth flow of traffic causes less
noise than a stop-and-go approach pattern. Thus proper highway planning and
style are essential for controlling traffic noise.
• Establishing lower speed limits for highways that undergo residential areas,
limiting traffic volume and providing alternative routes for vehicular traffic
are effective noise control measures.
►Protect the recipient
• Use of earplugs and earmuffs. Specially designed earmuffs
can reduce the sound level reaching the eardrum by the maximum amount as 40 dB.
Besides this generally making Legislation, Educating and
bringing awareness within the people is common for control of any pollution
Example: Ban on loudspeakers from 10 pm to six pm.
Conclusion
It is clear that roads have definite effects on wildlife
populations for a spread of reasons including habitat fragmentation, runoff,
pollution, visual disturbance, and increased mortality. due to the consistent
and pervasive nature of noise and its appearance or a minimum of potential
widespread effects, it's clearly a neighborhood that must be addressed (see
Forman and Alexander(43) Forman et al. For reviews on this subject). Indeed
in many cases, it appears that noise may have a big effect on both numbers of
people, species diversity and breeding.
To conclude, it's extremely essential that we take sound pollution very seriously. There are tons of harmful effects of sound pollution on human health and that we must do all we will to assist prevent, control and, manage sound pollution in our surroundings. it's vital that we employ various noise control techniques and do the simplest we will in stopping sound pollution. we will control sound pollution through proper urban planning and separating residential areas from industrial areas. We must protect our surroundings from sound pollution.
Invertebrates are too poorly studied at the present for any
definitive conclusions. Some significant use of roadside areas by some species
(e.g. butterflies, bees) is indicated, but there also are many other species
that ought to be investigated (particularly the aquatic species which will
decline as road density changes). Although sparse, the studies that have
checked out the response of fish would suggest that standard traffic noise
wouldn't be sufficiently great to disturb those species that are checked out
thus far. Roads do provide a barrier to the movement of reptiles and
amphibians; however the effect of noise is a smaller amount clear. Recent work
suggesting that vehicle noise can arouse toads from their burrows is of concern
since this might affect survival and is one area that would be checked out
during a series of controlled studies where sound levels and therefore the associated
behavioral response is more systematically studied.
Please keep reading...
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| Noise-Pollution |
The most comprehensive experimental studies on the topic
(41, 96-100) demonstrate that a lot of (although not all) species of small
breeding birds in both grassland and forest habitats appear to avoid areas in
proportion to the traffic noise and volume at distances up to 3 thousand
meters.
It's also important to notice that the opposite studies that review an in-depth number of species found some to be negatively suffering from the presence of roads, but most species were neutral and a couple of species to extend in numbers presumably thanks to food or habitat provided by rights-of–way (2) (see also Appendix A).
Further, several studies have found that roadside verges can provide breeding habitat for birds – however, without more information on the populations at greater distances from the road it's difficult to work out if an equivalent effect reported within the Netherlands was also present. What these studies do suggest is that things could also be more complex than roads simply providing a barrier to all or any breeding. As an illustration, the review by Way(126) records that (in Britain) roadsides are recorded as breeding habitat for 20 of fifty mammal species, all 6 reptiles, 40 of 200 bird species, 25 of 60 butterfly species, 8 of 17 bumblebee species and 5 of 6 amphibian species.
Road noise would seem an unlikely impediment to species that are ready to successfully breed so on the brink of the source (it should be noted that the numbers relative to adjacent areas would be important in indicating their relative importance and this information isn't provided during this study).
A summary of a number of the main findings with reference to birds shows little, if any contradiction in results, rather some species are negatively affected et al. occur more frequently nearer roads due to factors like prey availability or vegetation type (see Appendix A).
It's also important to notice that the opposite studies that review an in-depth number of species found some to be negatively suffering from the presence of roads, but most species were neutral and a couple of species to extend in numbers presumably thanks to food or habitat provided by rights-of–way (2) (see also Appendix A).
Further, several studies have found that roadside verges can provide breeding habitat for birds – however, without more information on the populations at greater distances from the road it's difficult to work out if an equivalent effect reported within the Netherlands was also present. What these studies do suggest is that things could also be more complex than roads simply providing a barrier to all or any breeding. As an illustration, the review by Way(126) records that (in Britain) roadsides are recorded as breeding habitat for 20 of fifty mammal species, all 6 reptiles, 40 of 200 bird species, 25 of 60 butterfly species, 8 of 17 bumblebee species and 5 of 6 amphibian species.
Road noise would seem an unlikely impediment to species that are ready to successfully breed so on the brink of the source (it should be noted that the numbers relative to adjacent areas would be important in indicating their relative importance and this information isn't provided during this study).
A summary of a number of the main findings with reference to birds shows little, if any contradiction in results, rather some species are negatively affected et al. occur more frequently nearer roads due to factors like prey availability or vegetation type (see Appendix A).
A further example of the complexity involved is shown by the
study of Gutzwiller and Barrow(59) where a variety of bird species densities were
influenced by the presence and/or number of roads; however, a variety of
landscape factors including the quantity of development and vegetation type
were also found to be significant predictors in many of the models.
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Noise Pollution Essay in English | For Students
Reviewed by Mustafa
on
January 22, 2020
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Reviewed by Mustafa
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January 22, 2020
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